How is alkylate made?

Alkylate is made by reacting light olefins, such as butylenes, from typical refinery sources, fluid catalytic cracking units, or from steam cracking units, with isoparaffins, such as isobutane, in the presence of an acidic catalyst.

What is the purpose of alkylation?

alkylation, in petroleum refining, chemical process in which light, gaseous hydrocarbons are combined to produce high-octane components of gasoline. The light hydrocarbons consist of olefins such as propylene and butylene and isoparaffins such as isobutane.

What is the octane of alkylate?

The most important alkylate blending qualities in this respect are its high octane rating (94) and low RVP (4.0 pounds per square inch). Alkylate also has a very low sulfur content. These qualities make alkylate particularly attractive for blending today’s clean burning quality gasoline.

What are the types of alkylation?

Types of Alkylation Reactions

• Alkylation of an aldehyde or ketone to form C-C bonds (Grignard Reaction)
• Coupling reaction of an alkylhalide and an organometallic to form a C-C bond (Wurtz reaction)
• Alkylation of aromatic rings via alkyl halide (Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)

How is alkylation done?

The alkylation process consists of running the hydrocarbons in liquid form (enough pressure is used to ensure that) and at low temperature and with a high isobutane (iC4) to olefin ratio. The reaction products are sent to an acid settler where the acid is recycled back to the reactor.

What is hydrotreated oil?

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is a paraffinic bio-based liquid fuel originating from many kinds of vegetable oils, such as rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and palm oil, as well as animal fats (Aatola et al., 2008). It can be used in conventional diesel engines, pure or blended with fossil diesel (petrodiesel).

What are two alkylation processes?

The product is called alkylate and is a premium gasoline blending stock because it has high octane numbers and a low sensitivity. There are two basic processes, one using concentrated hydrofluoric acid (Fig. 15) as the catalyst and the other using concentrated sulfuric acid.

What is alkylate product?

Alkylate is the primary product of the alkylation unit, which converts light olefins (such as butylene) into a high-quality gasoline blendstock by reacting it with isobutane. There are several types of alkylate, based on the different olefins used to produce it.

What is alkylate gasoline?

Alkylate is a gasoline blending stock that is produced by the acid-catalyzed reactions of olefins with normal hydrocarbons to yield higher boiling, and higher octane, iso-alkanes (Leffler, 2000).

What is an example of alkylation?

Conventional paraffin (alkane)–olefin (alkene) alkylation is an acid-catalyzed reaction; it involves the addition of a tertiary alkyl cation, generated from an isoalkane (via hydride abstraction) to an olefin. An example of such a reaction is the isobutane–ethylene alkylation, yielding 2,3-dimethylbutane.

Which catalyst are used in alkylation?

sulfuric acid
Alkylation is defined broadly as combining an olefin with an aromatic or a paraffin hydrocarbon using a catalyst—the most common catalyst is sulfuric acid.

Which catalyst is used in alkylation process?

Alkylation is defined broadly as combining an olefin with an aromatic or a paraffin hydrocarbon using a catalyst—the most common catalyst is sulfuric acid.