What are the types of chromosomal translocation?

There are two main types of translocations: reciprocal and Robertsonian. In a reciprocal translocation, two different chromosomes have exchanged segments with each other. In a Robertsonian translocation, an entire chromosome attaches to another at the centromere.

What causes translocation of chromosomes?

Translocations generally result from swapping of chromosomal arms between heterologous chromosomes and hence are reciprocal in nature (Figure 1) (8,9). DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are prerequisites for such translocations, although little is known about their generation.

What is an example of translocation?

Examples of these translocations include the activation of the MYC oncogene by the t(8;14) translocation in Burkitt’s lymphoma and of the gene by a t(1;14) translocation or a SIL gene translocation on chromosome 1p32 in T-ALL. Most of the chromosomal translocations observed in T-ALL are of this type.

How does translocation affect the chromosome?

In a translocation, a segment from one chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome or to a new site on the same chromosome. Translocations place genes in new linkage relationships and generate chromosomes without normal pairing partners.

What is translocation explain?

A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other.

How do translocations happen?

Translocations occur when chromosomes become broken during meiosis and the resulting fragment becomes joined to another chromosome.

How common are translocations?

The most common translocation in humans involves chromosomes 13 and 14 and is seen in about 0.97 / 1000 newborns. Carriers of Robertsonian translocations are not associated with any phenotypic abnormalities, but there is a risk of unbalanced gametes that lead to miscarriages or abnormal offspring.

How common is chromosomal translocation?

Is chromosome translocation hereditary?

A translocation is either inherited from a parent or happens around the time of conception. A translocation cannot be corrected – it is present for life. A translocation is not something that can be “caught” from other people. Therefore a translocation carrier can still be a blood donor, for example.

What is the importance of translocation?

Translocation is the movement of materials from leaves to other tissue throughout the plants. Without translocation, the food prepared by the plant can’t reach other parts of the plant. The translocation of food (carbohydrates) occurs in the sieve tubes with the help of companion cells.

Where does translocation take place?

phloem
Translocation occurs through part of vascular tissue known as phloem that also transports carbohydrates, amino acids and other substances such as plant hormone which are made in tips of roots and shoots to the storage and growing organs.